Binary
Once the System Properties window opens, click on the "Environment Variables" button. In the "System Variables" box, look for a variable called Path. see all executables in your PATH on your system, and all aliases, all sorted
$ find ${PATH//:/ } -maxdepth 1 -executable | sort
/bin
/bin/bash
/bin/bunzip2
/bin/bzcat
/bin/bzcmp
/bin/bzdiff
/bin/bzegrep
/bin/bzexe
/bin/bzfgrep
/bin/bzgrep
/bin/bzip2
/bin/bzip2recover
/bin/bzless
/bin/bzmore
/bin/cat
/bin/chgrp
/bin/chmod
/bin/chown
/bin/cp
/bin/dash
/bin/date
/bin/dd
/bin/df
/bin/dir
/bin/dmesg
/bin/dnsdomainname
/bin/domainname
/bin/echo
/bin/egrep
/bin/false
/bin/fgrep
/bin/findmnt
/bin/fuser
/bin/grep
/bin/gunzip
/bin/gzexe
/bin/gzip
/bin/hostname
/bin/journalctl
/bin/kill
/bin/less
/bin/lessecho
/bin/lessfile
/bin/lesskey
/bin/lesspipe
/bin/ln
/bin/login
/bin/loginctl
/bin/ls
/bin/lsblk
/bin/mkdir
/bin/mknod
/bin/mktemp
/bin/more
/bin/mount
/bin/mountpoint
/bin/mv
/bin/networkctl
/bin/nisdomainname
/bin/pidof
/bin/ping
/bin/ping4
/bin/ping6
/bin/ps
/bin/pwd
/bin/rbash
/bin/readlink
/bin/rm
/bin/rmdir
/bin/run-parts
/bin/sed
/bin/sh
/bin/sleep
/bin/stty
/bin/su
/bin/sync
/bin/systemctl
/bin/systemd
/bin/systemd-ask-password
/bin/systemd-escape
/bin/systemd-inhibit
/bin/systemd-machine-id-setup
/bin/systemd-notify
/bin/systemd-sysusers
/bin/systemd-tmpfiles
/bin/systemd-tty-ask-password-agent
/bin/tar
/bin/tempfile
/bin/touch
/bin/true
/bin/umount
/bin/uname
/bin/uncompress
/bin/vdir
/bin/wdctl
/bin/which
/bin/ypdomainname
/bin/zcat
/bin/zcmp
/bin/zdiff
/bin/zegrep
/bin/zfgrep
/bin/zforce
/bin/zgrep
/bin/zless
/bin/zmore
/bin/znew
/sbin
/sbin/agetty
/sbin/apparmor_parser
/sbin/badblocks
/sbin/blkdeactivate
/sbin/blkdiscard
/sbin/blkid
/sbin/blkzone
/sbin/blockdev
/sbin/capsh
/sbin/cfdisk
/sbin/chcpu
/sbin/ctrlaltdel
/sbin/debugfs
/sbin/dmsetup
/sbin/dmstats
/sbin/dumpe2fs
/sbin/e2fsck
/sbin/e2image
/sbin/e2label
/sbin/e2mmpstatus
/sbin/e2undo
/sbin/fdisk
/sbin/findfs
/sbin/fsck
/sbin/fsck.cramfs
/sbin/fsck.ext2
/sbin/fsck.ext3
/sbin/fsck.ext4
/sbin/fsck.minix
/sbin/fsfreeze
/sbin/fstab-decode
/sbin/fstrim
/sbin/getcap
/sbin/getpcaps
/sbin/getty
/sbin/halt
/sbin/hwclock
/sbin/init
/sbin/installkernel
/sbin/ip6tables
/sbin/ip6tables-restore
/sbin/ip6tables-save
/sbin/iptables
/sbin/iptables-restore
/sbin/iptables-save
/sbin/isosize
/sbin/killall5
/sbin/ldconfig
/sbin/logsave
/sbin/losetup
/sbin/mke2fs
/sbin/mkfs
/sbin/mkfs.bfs
/sbin/mkfs.cramfs
/sbin/mkfs.ext2
/sbin/mkfs.ext3
/sbin/mkfs.ext4
/sbin/mkfs.minix
/sbin/mkhomedir_helper
/sbin/mkswap
/sbin/pam_tally
/sbin/pam_tally2
/sbin/pivot_root
/sbin/poweroff
/sbin/raw
/sbin/reboot
/sbin/resize2fs
/sbin/runlevel
/sbin/runuser
/sbin/setcap
/sbin/sfdisk
/sbin/shadowconfig
/sbin/shutdown
/sbin/start-stop-daemon
/sbin/sulogin
/sbin/swaplabel
/sbin/swapoff
/sbin/swapon
/sbin/switch_root
/sbin/sysctl
/sbin/telinit
/sbin/tune2fs
/sbin/unix_chkpwd
/sbin/unix_update
/sbin/wipefs
/sbin/zramctl
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/2to3-2.7
/usr/bin/[
/usr/bin/aa-enabled
/usr/bin/aa-exec
/usr/bin/add-apt-repository
/usr/bin/addpart
/usr/bin/addr2line
/usr/bin/apt
/usr/bin/apt-add-repository
/usr/bin/apt-cache
/usr/bin/apt-cdrom
/usr/bin/apt-config
/usr/bin/apt-get
/usr/bin/apt-key
/usr/bin/apt-mark
/usr/bin/ar
/usr/bin/arch
/usr/bin/as
/usr/bin/awk
/usr/bin/b2sum
/usr/bin/base32
/usr/bin/base64
/usr/bin/basename
/usr/bin/bashbug
/usr/bin/bootctl
/usr/bin/busctl
/usr/bin/c++
/usr/bin/c++filt
/usr/bin/c89
/usr/bin/c89-gcc
/usr/bin/c99
/usr/bin/c99-gcc
/usr/bin/c_rehash
/usr/bin/captoinfo
/usr/bin/catchsegv
/usr/bin/cc
/usr/bin/chage
/usr/bin/chattr
/usr/bin/chcon
/usr/bin/chfn
/usr/bin/choom
/usr/bin/chrt
/usr/bin/chsh
/usr/bin/cksum
/usr/bin/clear
/usr/bin/clear_console
/usr/bin/cmp
/usr/bin/comm
/usr/bin/compose
/usr/bin/containerd
/usr/bin/containerd-shim
/usr/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v1
/usr/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2
/usr/bin/corelist
/usr/bin/cpan
/usr/bin/cpan5.28-x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/bin/cpp
/usr/bin/cpp-8
/usr/bin/csplit
/usr/bin/ctr
/usr/bin/curl
/usr/bin/curl-config
/usr/bin/cut
/usr/bin/cvtsudoers
/usr/bin/dbus-cleanup-sockets
/usr/bin/dbus-daemon
/usr/bin/dbus-monitor
/usr/bin/dbus-run-session
/usr/bin/dbus-send
/usr/bin/dbus-update-activation-environment
/usr/bin/dbus-uuidgen
/usr/bin/deb-systemd-helper
/usr/bin/deb-systemd-invoke
/usr/bin/debconf
/usr/bin/debconf-apt-progress
/usr/bin/debconf-communicate
/usr/bin/debconf-copydb
/usr/bin/debconf-escape
/usr/bin/debconf-set-selections
/usr/bin/debconf-show
/usr/bin/delpart
/usr/bin/dh_python2
/usr/bin/diff
/usr/bin/diff3
/usr/bin/dircolors
/usr/bin/dirmngr
/usr/bin/dirmngr-client
/usr/bin/dirname
/usr/bin/docker
/usr/bin/docker-init
/usr/bin/docker-proxy
/usr/bin/dockerd
/usr/bin/dockerd-rootless-setuptool.sh
/usr/bin/dockerd-rootless.sh
/usr/bin/dpkg
/usr/bin/dpkg-architecture
/usr/bin/dpkg-buildflags
/usr/bin/dpkg-buildpackage
/usr/bin/dpkg-checkbuilddeps
/usr/bin/dpkg-deb
/usr/bin/dpkg-distaddfile
/usr/bin/dpkg-divert
/usr/bin/dpkg-genbuildinfo
/usr/bin/dpkg-genchanges
/usr/bin/dpkg-gencontrol
/usr/bin/dpkg-gensymbols
/usr/bin/dpkg-maintscript-helper
/usr/bin/dpkg-mergechangelogs
/usr/bin/dpkg-name
/usr/bin/dpkg-parsechangelog
/usr/bin/dpkg-query
/usr/bin/dpkg-scanpackages
/usr/bin/dpkg-scansources
/usr/bin/dpkg-shlibdeps
/usr/bin/dpkg-source
/usr/bin/dpkg-split
/usr/bin/dpkg-statoverride
/usr/bin/dpkg-trigger
/usr/bin/dpkg-vendor
/usr/bin/du
/usr/bin/dwp
/usr/bin/echo_supervisord_conf
/usr/bin/edit
/usr/bin/elfedit
/usr/bin/enc2xs
/usr/bin/encguess
/usr/bin/env
/usr/bin/envsubst
/usr/bin/expand
/usr/bin/expiry
/usr/bin/expr
/usr/bin/factor
/usr/bin/faillog
/usr/bin/faked-sysv
/usr/bin/faked-tcp
/usr/bin/fakeroot
/usr/bin/fakeroot-sysv
/usr/bin/fakeroot-tcp
/usr/bin/fallocate
/usr/bin/file
/usr/bin/fincore
/usr/bin/find
/usr/bin/flock
/usr/bin/fmt
/usr/bin/fold
/usr/bin/free
/usr/bin/funzip
/usr/bin/g++
/usr/bin/g++-8
/usr/bin/gapplication
/usr/bin/gcc
/usr/bin/gcc-8
/usr/bin/gcc-ar
/usr/bin/gcc-ar-8
/usr/bin/gcc-nm
/usr/bin/gcc-nm-8
/usr/bin/gcc-ranlib
/usr/bin/gcc-ranlib-8
/usr/bin/gcov
/usr/bin/gcov-8
/usr/bin/gcov-dump
/usr/bin/gcov-dump-8
/usr/bin/gcov-tool
/usr/bin/gcov-tool-8
/usr/bin/gdbus
/usr/bin/gencat
/usr/bin/getconf
/usr/bin/getent
/usr/bin/getopt
/usr/bin/gettext
/usr/bin/gettext.sh
/usr/bin/gettextize
/usr/bin/gio
/usr/bin/gio-querymodules
/usr/bin/git
/usr/bin/git-cvsserver
/usr/bin/git-receive-pack
/usr/bin/git-shell
/usr/bin/git-upload-archive
/usr/bin/git-upload-pack
/usr/bin/gitk
/usr/bin/glib-compile-schemas
/usr/bin/gold
/usr/bin/gpasswd
/usr/bin/gpg
/usr/bin/gpg-agent
/usr/bin/gpg-connect-agent
/usr/bin/gpg-wks-server
/usr/bin/gpg-zip
/usr/bin/gpgcompose
/usr/bin/gpgconf
/usr/bin/gpgparsemail
/usr/bin/gpgsm
/usr/bin/gpgsplit
/usr/bin/gpgtar
/usr/bin/gpgv
/usr/bin/gprof
/usr/bin/gresource
/usr/bin/groups
/usr/bin/gsettings
/usr/bin/h2ph
/usr/bin/h2xs
/usr/bin/head
/usr/bin/hostid
/usr/bin/hostnamectl
/usr/bin/i386
/usr/bin/iconv
/usr/bin/id
/usr/bin/infocmp
/usr/bin/infotocap
/usr/bin/install
/usr/bin/instmodsh
/usr/bin/ionice
/usr/bin/ipcmk
/usr/bin/ipcrm
/usr/bin/ipcs
/usr/bin/iptables-xml
/usr/bin/ischroot
/usr/bin/join
/usr/bin/jq
/usr/bin/json_pp
/usr/bin/kbxutil
/usr/bin/kernel-install
/usr/bin/killall
/usr/bin/last
/usr/bin/lastb
/usr/bin/lastlog
/usr/bin/lcf
/usr/bin/ld
/usr/bin/ld.bfd
/usr/bin/ld.gold
/usr/bin/ldd
/usr/bin/less
/usr/bin/lessecho
/usr/bin/lessfile
/usr/bin/lesskey
/usr/bin/lesspipe
/usr/bin/libnetcfg
/usr/bin/link
/usr/bin/linux32
/usr/bin/linux64
/usr/bin/locale
/usr/bin/localectl
/usr/bin/localedef
/usr/bin/logger
/usr/bin/logname
/usr/bin/lsattr
/usr/bin/lsb_release
/usr/bin/lscpu
/usr/bin/lsipc
/usr/bin/lslocks
/usr/bin/lslogins
/usr/bin/lsmem
/usr/bin/lsns
/usr/bin/lspgpot
/usr/bin/lzcat
/usr/bin/lzcmp
/usr/bin/lzdiff
/usr/bin/lzegrep
/usr/bin/lzfgrep
/usr/bin/lzgrep
/usr/bin/lzless
/usr/bin/lzma
/usr/bin/lzmainfo
/usr/bin/lzmore
/usr/bin/make
/usr/bin/make-first-existing-target
/usr/bin/mawk
/usr/bin/mcookie
/usr/bin/md5sum
/usr/bin/md5sum.textutils
/usr/bin/mesg
/usr/bin/migrate-pubring-from-classic-gpg
/usr/bin/mkfifo
/usr/bin/msgattrib
/usr/bin/msgcat
/usr/bin/msgcmp
/usr/bin/msgcomm
/usr/bin/msgconv
/usr/bin/msgen
/usr/bin/msgexec
/usr/bin/msgfilter
/usr/bin/msgfmt
/usr/bin/msggrep
/usr/bin/msginit
/usr/bin/msgmerge
/usr/bin/msgunfmt
/usr/bin/msguniq
/usr/bin/mtrace
/usr/bin/namei
/usr/bin/nawk
/usr/bin/newgrp
/usr/bin/ngettext
/usr/bin/nice
/usr/bin/nl
/usr/bin/nm
/usr/bin/nohup
/usr/bin/nproc
/usr/bin/nsenter
/usr/bin/numfmt
/usr/bin/objcopy
/usr/bin/objdump
/usr/bin/od
/usr/bin/openssl
/usr/bin/pager
/usr/bin/partx
/usr/bin/passwd
/usr/bin/paste
/usr/bin/patch
/usr/bin/pathchk
/usr/bin/pdb
/usr/bin/pdb2
/usr/bin/pdb2.7
/usr/bin/pdb3
/usr/bin/pdb3.7
/usr/bin/peekfd
/usr/bin/perl
/usr/bin/perl5.28-x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/bin/perl5.28.1
/usr/bin/perlbug
/usr/bin/perldoc
/usr/bin/perlivp
/usr/bin/perlthanks
/usr/bin/pgrep
/usr/bin/piconv
/usr/bin/pidproxy
/usr/bin/pigz
/usr/bin/pinentry
/usr/bin/pinentry-curses
/usr/bin/pinky
/usr/bin/pkaction
/usr/bin/pkcheck
/usr/bin/pkcon
/usr/bin/pkexec
/usr/bin/pkill
/usr/bin/pkmon
/usr/bin/pkttyagent
/usr/bin/pl2pm
/usr/bin/pldd
/usr/bin/pmap
/usr/bin/pod2html
/usr/bin/pod2man
/usr/bin/pod2text
/usr/bin/pod2usage
/usr/bin/podchecker
/usr/bin/podselect
/usr/bin/pr
/usr/bin/print
/usr/bin/printenv
/usr/bin/printf
/usr/bin/prlimit
/usr/bin/prove
/usr/bin/prtstat
/usr/bin/pslog
/usr/bin/pstree
/usr/bin/pstree.x11
/usr/bin/ptar
/usr/bin/ptardiff
/usr/bin/ptargrep
/usr/bin/ptx
/usr/bin/pwdx
/usr/bin/py3clean
/usr/bin/py3compile
/usr/bin/py3versions
/usr/bin/pyclean
/usr/bin/pycompile
/usr/bin/pydoc
/usr/bin/pydoc2
/usr/bin/pydoc2.7
/usr/bin/pydoc3
/usr/bin/pydoc3.7
/usr/bin/pygettext
/usr/bin/pygettext2
/usr/bin/pygettext2.7
/usr/bin/pygettext3
/usr/bin/pygettext3.7
/usr/bin/python
/usr/bin/python2
/usr/bin/python2.7
/usr/bin/python3
/usr/bin/python3.7
/usr/bin/python3.7m
/usr/bin/python3m
/usr/bin/pyversions
/usr/bin/ranlib
/usr/bin/rcp
/usr/bin/readelf
/usr/bin/realpath
/usr/bin/recode-sr-latin
/usr/bin/rename.ul
/usr/bin/renice
/usr/bin/reset
/usr/bin/resizepart
/usr/bin/resolvectl
/usr/bin/rev
/usr/bin/rgrep
/usr/bin/rlogin
/usr/bin/rootlesskit
/usr/bin/rootlesskit-docker-proxy
/usr/bin/rpcgen
/usr/bin/rsh
/usr/bin/run-mailcap
/usr/bin/runc
/usr/bin/runcon
/usr/bin/savelog
/usr/bin/scp
/usr/bin/script
/usr/bin/scriptreplay
/usr/bin/sdiff
/usr/bin/see
/usr/bin/select-editor
/usr/bin/sensible-browser
/usr/bin/sensible-editor
/usr/bin/sensible-pager
/usr/bin/seq
/usr/bin/setarch
/usr/bin/setpriv
/usr/bin/setsid
/usr/bin/setterm
/usr/bin/sftp
/usr/bin/sg
/usr/bin/sha1sum
/usr/bin/sha224sum
/usr/bin/sha256sum
/usr/bin/sha384sum
/usr/bin/sha512sum
/usr/bin/shasum
/usr/bin/shred
/usr/bin/shuf
/usr/bin/size
/usr/bin/skill
/usr/bin/slabtop
/usr/bin/slogin
/usr/bin/snice
/usr/bin/sort
/usr/bin/sotruss
/usr/bin/splain
/usr/bin/split
/usr/bin/sprof
/usr/bin/ssh
/usr/bin/ssh-add
/usr/bin/ssh-agent
/usr/bin/ssh-argv0
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen
/usr/bin/ssh-keyscan
/usr/bin/stat
/usr/bin/stdbuf
/usr/bin/strings
/usr/bin/strip
/usr/bin/sudo
/usr/bin/sudoedit
/usr/bin/sudoreplay
/usr/bin/sum
/usr/bin/supervisorctl
/usr/bin/supervisord
/usr/bin/symcryptrun
/usr/bin/systemd-analyze
/usr/bin/systemd-cat
/usr/bin/systemd-cgls
/usr/bin/systemd-cgtop
/usr/bin/systemd-delta
/usr/bin/systemd-detect-virt
/usr/bin/systemd-id128
/usr/bin/systemd-mount
/usr/bin/systemd-path
/usr/bin/systemd-resolve
/usr/bin/systemd-run
/usr/bin/systemd-socket-activate
/usr/bin/systemd-stdio-bridge
/usr/bin/systemd-umount
/usr/bin/tabs
/usr/bin/tac
/usr/bin/tail
/usr/bin/taskset
/usr/bin/tee
/usr/bin/test
/usr/bin/tic
/usr/bin/timedatectl
/usr/bin/timeout
/usr/bin/tload
/usr/bin/toe
/usr/bin/top
/usr/bin/touch
/usr/bin/tput
/usr/bin/tr
/usr/bin/truncate
/usr/bin/tset
/usr/bin/tsort
/usr/bin/tty
/usr/bin/tzselect
/usr/bin/ucf
/usr/bin/ucfq
/usr/bin/ucfr
/usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
/usr/bin/unattended-upgrades
/usr/bin/unexpand
/usr/bin/uniq
/usr/bin/unlink
/usr/bin/unlzma
/usr/bin/unpigz
/usr/bin/unshare
/usr/bin/unxz
/usr/bin/unzip
/usr/bin/unzipsfx
/usr/bin/update-alternatives
/usr/bin/update-mime-database
/usr/bin/uptime
/usr/bin/users
/usr/bin/utmpdump
/usr/bin/vmstat
/usr/bin/w
/usr/bin/w.procps
/usr/bin/wall
/usr/bin/watch
/usr/bin/watchgnupg
/usr/bin/wc
/usr/bin/whereis
/usr/bin/which
/usr/bin/who
/usr/bin/whoami
/usr/bin/x86_64
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-addr2line
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-ar
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-as
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-c++filt
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-cpp
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-cpp-8
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-dwp
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-elfedit
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-g++
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-g++-8
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-8
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar-8
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm-8
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib-8
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-8
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-dump
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-dump-8
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-tool
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-tool-8
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gold
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gprof
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-ld
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-ld.bfd
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-ld.gold
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-nm
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-objcopy
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-objdump
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-ranlib
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-readelf
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-size
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-strings
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-strip
/usr/bin/xargs
/usr/bin/xauth
/usr/bin/xdg-user-dir
/usr/bin/xdg-user-dirs-update
/usr/bin/xgettext
/usr/bin/xsubpp
/usr/bin/xz
/usr/bin/xzcat
/usr/bin/xzcmp
/usr/bin/xzdiff
/usr/bin/xzegrep
/usr/bin/xzfgrep
/usr/bin/xzgrep
/usr/bin/xzless
/usr/bin/xzmore
/usr/bin/yes
/usr/bin/zdump
/usr/bin/zipdetails
/usr/bin/zipgrep
/usr/bin/zipinfo
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/bin/docker-compose
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/sbin
/usr/sbin/aa-remove-unknown
/usr/sbin/aa-status
/usr/sbin/aa-teardown
/usr/sbin/add-shell
/usr/sbin/addgnupghome
/usr/sbin/addgroup
/usr/sbin/adduser
/usr/sbin/apparmor_status
/usr/sbin/applygnupgdefaults
/usr/sbin/arptables
/usr/sbin/arptables-nft
/usr/sbin/arptables-nft-restore
/usr/sbin/arptables-nft-save
/usr/sbin/arptables-restore
/usr/sbin/arptables-save
/usr/sbin/chgpasswd
/usr/sbin/chmem
/usr/sbin/chpasswd
/usr/sbin/chroot
/usr/sbin/cpgr
/usr/sbin/cppw
/usr/sbin/delgroup
/usr/sbin/deluser
/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure
/usr/sbin/dpkg-reconfigure
/usr/sbin/e2freefrag
/usr/sbin/e4crypt
/usr/sbin/e4defrag
/usr/sbin/ebtables
/usr/sbin/ebtables-nft
/usr/sbin/ebtables-nft-restore
/usr/sbin/ebtables-nft-save
/usr/sbin/ebtables-restore
/usr/sbin/ebtables-save
/usr/sbin/fdformat
/usr/sbin/filefrag
/usr/sbin/groupadd
/usr/sbin/groupdel
/usr/sbin/groupmems
/usr/sbin/groupmod
/usr/sbin/grpck
/usr/sbin/grpconv
/usr/sbin/grpunconv
/usr/sbin/iconvconfig
/usr/sbin/invoke-rc.d
/usr/sbin/ip6tables
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-apply
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy-restore
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy-save
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-nft
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-nft-restore
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-nft-save
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-restore
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-restore-translate
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-save
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-translate
/usr/sbin/iptables
/usr/sbin/iptables-apply
/usr/sbin/iptables-legacy
/usr/sbin/iptables-legacy-restore
/usr/sbin/iptables-legacy-save
/usr/sbin/iptables-nft
/usr/sbin/iptables-nft-restore
/usr/sbin/iptables-nft-save
/usr/sbin/iptables-restore
/usr/sbin/iptables-restore-translate
/usr/sbin/iptables-save
/usr/sbin/iptables-translate
/usr/sbin/ldattach
/usr/sbin/mklost+found
/usr/sbin/newusers
/usr/sbin/nfnl_osf
/usr/sbin/nft
/usr/sbin/nologin
/usr/sbin/pam-auth-update
/usr/sbin/pam_getenv
/usr/sbin/pam_timestamp_check
/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d
/usr/sbin/pwck
/usr/sbin/pwconv
/usr/sbin/pwunconv
/usr/sbin/readprofile
/usr/sbin/remove-shell
/usr/sbin/rmt
/usr/sbin/rmt-tar
/usr/sbin/rtcwake
/usr/sbin/service
/usr/sbin/tarcat
/usr/sbin/tzconfig
/usr/sbin/update-ca-certificates
/usr/sbin/update-mime
/usr/sbin/update-passwd
/usr/sbin/update-rc.d
/usr/sbin/useradd
/usr/sbin/userdel
/usr/sbin/usermod
/usr/sbin/vigr
/usr/sbin/vipw
/usr/sbin/visudo
/usr/sbin/xtables-legacy-multi
/usr/sbin/xtables-monitor
/usr/sbin/xtables-nft-multi
/usr/sbin/zic
This was mostly a fun exercise for myself to see if it could be done using one line of Python code without resorting to using the exec function. In a more readable form, and with some comments, the code looks like this:
import os
import sys
# This is just to have a function to output something on the screen.
# I'm using Python 2.7 in which 'print' is not a function and cannot
# be used in the 'map' function.
output = lambda(x) : sys.stdout.write(x + "\n")
# Get a list of the components in the PATH environment variable. Will
# abort the program is PATH doesn't exist
paths = os.environ["PATH"].split(":")
# os.listdir raises an error is something is not a path so I'm creating
# a small function that only executes it if 'p' is a directory
listdir = lambda(p) : os.listdir(p) if os.path.isdir(p) else [ ]
# Checks if the path specified by x[0] and x[1] is a file
isfile = lambda(x) : True if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(x[0],x[1])) else False
# Checks if the path specified by x[0] and x[1] has the executable flag set
isexe = lambda(x) : True if os.access(os.path.join(x[0],x[1]), os.X_OK) else False
# Here, I'm using a list comprehension to build a list of all executable files
# in the PATH, and abusing the map function to write every name in the resulting
# list to the screen.
map(output, [ os.path.join(p,f) for p in paths for f in listdir(p) if isfile((p,f)) and isexe((p,f)) ])
If you can run Python 2 in your shell, the following (ridiculously long) one-liner can be used as well:
$ python2 -c 'import os;import sys;output = lambda(x) : sys.stdout.write(x + "\n"); paths = os.environ["PATH"].split(":") ; listdir = lambda(p) : os.listdir(p) if os.path.isdir(p) else [ ] ; isfile = lambda(x) : True if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(x[0],x[1])) else False ; isexe = lambda(x) : True if os.access(os.path.join(x[0],x[1]), os.X_OK) else False ; map(output,[ os.path.join(p,f) for p in paths for f in listdir(p) if isfile((p,f)) and isexe((p,f)) ])'
Packages
If we need to list the installed packages in the Python shell, For terminal I recommend help("modules") or python -c "help(‘modules')".
$ python3.7 -c 'help("modules")'
Please wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules...
__future__ _tracemalloc getopt rlcompleter
_abc _uuid getpass runpy
_ast _warnings gettext sched
_asyncio _weakref gi secrets
_bisect _weakrefset glob select
_blake2 _xxtestfuzz grp selectors
_bootlocale abc gzip shelve
_bz2 aifc hashlib shlex
_codecs antigravity heapq shutil
_codecs_cn apt hmac signal
_codecs_hk apt_inst html site
_codecs_iso2022 apt_pkg http sitecustomize
_codecs_jp aptsources imaplib smtpd
_codecs_kr argparse imghdr smtplib
_codecs_tw array imp sndhdr
_collections ast importlib socket
_collections_abc asynchat inspect socketserver
_compat_pickle asyncio io softwareproperties
_compression asyncore ipaddress spwd
_contextvars atexit itertools sqlite3
_crypt audioop json sre_compile
_csv base64 keyword sre_constants
_ctypes bdb linecache sre_parse
_ctypes_test binascii locale ssl
_curses binhex logging stat
_curses_panel bisect lsb_release statistics
_datetime builtins lzma string
_dbm bz2 macpath stringprep
_dbus_bindings cProfile mailbox struct
_dbus_glib_bindings calendar mailcap subprocess
_decimal cgi marshal sunau
_dummy_thread cgitb math symbol
_elementtree chunk mimetypes symtable
_functools cmath mmap sys
_hashlib cmd modulefinder sysconfig
_heapq code multiprocessing syslog
_imp codecs netrc tabnanny
_io codeop nis tarfile
_json collections nntplib telnetlib
_locale colorsys ntpath tempfile
_lsprof compileall nturl2path termios
_lzma concurrent numbers test
_markupbase configparser opcode textwrap
_md5 contextlib operator this
_multibytecodec contextvars optparse threading
_multiprocessing copy os time
_opcode copyreg ossaudiodev timeit
_operator crypt parser token
_osx_support csv pathlib tokenize
_pickle ctypes pdb trace
_posixsubprocess curl pickle traceback
_py_abc curses pickletools tracemalloc
_pydecimal dataclasses pipes tty
_pyio datetime pkgutil turtle
_queue dbm platform types
_random dbus plistlib typing
_sha1 decimal poplib unicodedata
_sha256 difflib posix unittest
_sha3 dis posixpath urllib
_sha512 distro_info pprint uu
_signal distutils profile uuid
_sitebuiltins doctest pstats venv
_socket dummy_threading pty warnings
_sqlite3 email pwd wave
_sre encodings py_compile weakref
_ssl enum pyclbr webbrowser
_stat errno pycurl wsgiref
_string faulthandler pydoc xdrlib
_strptime fcntl pydoc_data xml
_struct filecmp pyexpat xmlrpc
_symtable fileinput pygtkcompat xxlimited
_sysconfigdata_m_linux_x86_64-linux-gnu fnmatch queue
_testbuffer formatter quopri zipapp
_testcapi fractions random zipfile
_testimportmultiple ftplib re zipimport
_testmultiphase functools readline zlib
_thread gc reprlib xxsubtype
_threading_local genericpath resource
Enter any module name to get more help. Or, type "modules spam" to search
for modules whose name or summary contain the string "spam".
I'm comparing five methods to retrieve installed "modules", all of which I've seen in this thread
iter_modules help("modules") builtin_module_names pip list working_set
Includes distributions ❌ ❌ ❌ ✔️ ✔️
Includes modules (No built-in) ✔️ ✔️ ❌ ❌ ❌
Includes built-in modules ❌ ✔️ ✔️ ❌ ❌
Includes frozen ✔️ ✔️ ❌ ❌ ❌
Includes venv ✔️ ✔️ ❌ ✔️ ✔️
Includes global ✔️ ✔️ ❌ ✔️ ✔️
Includes editable installs ✔️ ✔️ ❌ ✔️ ✔️
Includes PyCharm helpers ✔️ ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌
Lowers capital letters ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ ✔️
Time taken (665 modules total) 53.7 msec 1.03 sec 577 nsec 284 msec 36.2 usec
For programmatically I recommend iter_modules + builtin_module_names to pluck the module name out of the tuples generated by pkgutil.iter_modules() It is however very convoluted with information
$ python -c 'import pkgutil;print [x[1] for x in list(pkgutil.iter_modules())]'
['BaseHTTPServer', 'Bastion', 'CGIHTTPServer', 'ConfigParser', 'Cookie', 'DocXMLRPCServer', 'HTMLParser',
'MimeWriter', 'Queue', 'SimpleHTTPServer', 'SimpleXMLRPCServer', 'SocketServer', 'StringIO', 'UserDict',
'UserList', 'UserString', '_LWPCookieJar', '_MozillaCookieJar', '__future__', '_abcoll', '_osx_support',
'_pyio', '_strptime', '_sysconfigdata', '_threading_local', '_weakrefset', 'abc', 'aifc', 'antigravity',
'anydbm', 'argparse', 'ast', 'asynchat', 'asyncore', 'atexit', 'audiodev', 'base64', 'bdb', 'binhex',
'bisect', 'bsddb', 'cProfile', 'calendar', 'cgi', 'cgitb', 'chunk', 'cmd', 'code', 'codecs', 'codeop',
'collections', 'colorsys', 'commands', 'compileall', 'compiler', 'contextlib', 'cookielib', 'copy',
'copy_reg', 'csv', 'ctypes', 'curses', 'dbhash', 'decimal', 'difflib', 'dircache', 'dis', 'distutils',
'doctest', 'dumbdbm', 'dummy_thread', 'dummy_threading', 'email', 'encodings', 'ensurepip', 'filecmp',
'fileinput', 'fnmatch', 'formatter', 'fpformat', 'fractions', 'ftplib', 'functools', 'genericpath',
'getopt', 'getpass', 'gettext', 'glob', 'gzip', 'hashlib', 'heapq', 'hmac', 'hotshot', 'htmlentitydefs',
'htmllib', 'httplib', 'ihooks', 'imaplib', 'imghdr', 'importlib', 'imputil', 'inspect', 'io', 'json',
'keyword', 'lib2to3', 'linecache', 'locale', 'logging', 'macpath', 'macurl2path', 'mailbox', 'mailcap',
'markupbase', 'md5', 'mhlib', 'mimetools', 'mimetypes', 'mimify', 'modulefinder', 'multifile',
'multiprocessing', 'mutex', 'netrc', 'new', 'nntplib', 'ntpath', 'nturl2path', 'numbers', 'opcode',
'optparse', 'os', 'os2emxpath', 'pdb', 'pickle', 'pickletools', 'pipes', 'pkgutil', 'platform',
'plistlib', 'popen2', 'poplib', 'posixfile', 'posixpath', 'pprint', 'profile', 'pstats', 'pty',
'py_compile', 'pyclbr', 'pydoc', 'pydoc_data', 'quopri', 'random', 're', 'repr', 'rexec', 'rfc822',
'rlcompleter', 'robotparser', 'runpy', 'sched', 'sets', 'sgmllib', 'sha', 'shelve', 'shlex', 'shutil',
'site', 'sitecustomize', 'smtpd', 'smtplib', 'sndhdr', 'socket', 'sqlite3', 'sre', 'sre_compile',
'sre_constants', 'sre_parse', 'ssl', 'stat', 'statvfs', 'string', 'stringold', 'stringprep', 'struct',
'subprocess', 'sunau', 'sunaudio', 'symbol', 'symtable', 'sysconfig', 'tabnanny', 'tarfile', 'telnetlib',
'tempfile', 'test', 'textwrap', 'this', 'threading', 'timeit', 'toaiff', 'token', 'tokenize', 'trace',
'traceback', 'tty', 'types', 'unittest', 'urllib', 'urllib2', 'urlparse', 'user', 'uu', 'uuid', 'warnings',
'wave', 'weakref', 'webbrowser', 'whichdb', 'wsgiref', 'xdrlib', 'xml', 'xmllib', 'xmlrpclib', 'zipfile',
'CDROM', 'DLFCN', 'IN', 'TYPES', '_sysconfigdata_nd', 'Canvas', 'Dialog', 'FileDialog', 'FixTk',
'ScrolledText', 'SimpleDialog', 'Tix', 'Tkconstants', 'Tkdnd', 'Tkinter', 'tkColorChooser', 'tkCommonDialog',
'tkFileDialog', 'tkFont', 'tkMessageBox', 'tkSimpleDialog', 'ttk', 'turtle', '_bsddb', '_codecs_cn',
'_codecs_hk', '_codecs_iso2022', '_codecs_jp', '_codecs_kr', '_codecs_tw', '_csv', '_ctypes', '_ctypes_test',
'_curses', '_curses_panel', '_elementtree', '_hashlib', '_hotshot', '_json', '_lsprof', '_multibytecodec',
'_multiprocessing', '_sqlite3', '_ssl', '_testcapi', 'audioop', 'bz2', 'crypt', 'dbm', 'future_builtins',
'linuxaudiodev', 'mmap', 'nis', 'ossaudiodev', 'parser', 'pyexpat', 'readline', 'resource', 'termios',
'lsb_release', 'meld3', 'pkg_resources', 'supervisor']